Interview-fu is tough to master. Your best bet is doing as much research as you can before the interview. If this is an external position (i.e., a company that you don't currently work for) that you're interviewing for, chances are you'll only be able to research the company through press releases, their website, etc., unless you know someone who works there and can pump that person for information. Pay the most attention to their website, especially the "About Us" portion, if they have one, because that's how the company portrays themselves, and you want to try to match your tone to the tone they use when describing themselves. If it's an internal position or if you have someone on the inside that you trust, you can also research, to some degree, the people who will be interviewing you. That's the only real way you could have avoided any possible issues about seeming too independent for a manager who's a self-admitted control freak.
The insecurity issue is a big one, but it's not insurmountable. I have the same problem myself from time to time, but I keep a litany of major accomplishments in the back of my head and repeat them to myself about an hour before an interview to jazz myself up. I find that doing it early gives me time for my cockiness to revert to a more palatable amount of self-confidence, and if I start to get nervous right before the interview I can just briefly run back through the list.
If you get a chance for another interview for this same position (or for any interview, really, but this one specifically), do some planning before the interview on how you're going to answer questions that threw you this time around. Sit down and write out the questions you were asked, as best as you can remember, and the answers that you gave (or at least the gist of the answers). Mark down which ones you felt good about at the time and which you felt less sure of. If you want, you can also delineate out which of the answers you felt good about initially you still feel good about, and which ones you're now less sure of; but be careful with this, or you can end up throwing doubt on all of your answers, and that won't do you any good. Of the questions that you felt doubtful about, now that you have plenty of time, think through them some more and throw answers at them until you find answers that you feel good about.
If you hear back from the interviewers that you didn't get the job, ask them what areas they felt you were weak on and where you could have improved. They may not answer, or the answer may be meaningless, but it's a shot to find out where you came off too strong or too weak, and to improve on those points.
Be prepared to give examples of times where you had very little leadership and had to act on your own initiative and did good things for the company, but also have examples of times where you had a good amount of leadership and followed others' policies to the company's benefit. A good example of showing that you can do well while following company policy is if you've ever worked for a company that does Quality of Service evals, being able to show that you scored well on those evals, or that you get good customer (internal or external) feedback when following policy. If you want to demonstrate that you're good in a team environment, talk about times that you've stepped in to help your teammates, by taking shifts when someone was sick or needed a vacation, or by helping a team member understand some part of the job, or taking on part of someone's workload while they dealt with a big issue so that the team could keep functioning without letting anyone down.
Think through all of these things before going into an interview. Even if what you did to help a teammate seemed small at the time, or isn't anything you think is worth congratulating yourself about, thinking them through can help you to see that maybe what you did was more important than you originally thought, and that can help the teamwork question and can also help your self-confidence.