I assume you are either being asked to vote based on your demographics (i.e., based on what components the hardware survey reports back to Microsoft), or on the idea of a "desktop" itself (as opposed to a phone, tablet, laptop, etc.).
Yes. They collect data on hardware, cross check it with user experience, and then they get all the mediocre reports and find if there are common elements - a certain video card, for instance, or processor, or amount of memory.
They can then issue new drivers to improve the experience, or beat up the hardware suppliers to provide a better driver, or change their recommended system configurations to disallow that hardware in official "Made for Windows 10" builds, which then resolves a lot of user problems.
They don't really care whether the computer has a manufacturer or not, or whether it was modified after purchase.