Interestingly, Finland is right behind the US in gun violence per 100,000 in 1st world countries.
In fact, Finland has relatively strict gun control laws, with a strict ban on automatic fire weapons (of course with the exception of some law enforcement agencies and the military). If we accept your assertion that Finland has comparable levels of gun-related violence, then the straightforward implication would be that tightening gun control in the United States would not work to reduce violent crime.
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
How does an individual constitute a well regulated militia. As with most of the constitution, "the people" refers to the populace as a whole, but does not necessarily mean the individual. The entire point of the act is so that a "well regulated Militia" can be maintained. Billy bob in his bunker with 20 guns is not a well regulated Militia.
I believe this is also what Jason Alexander was saying, but I must say I disagree with that interpretation as I previously stated. I state that the 2nd Amendment refers to the right of individuals to possess arms, and base this position on two things.
Firstly, I contest your interpretation that most of the constitution uses the 'right of the people' to refer to the populace as a whole, and posit that the phrase refers to individuals in the
Bill of Rights. In the First Amendment, the phrase is used to set the right to peaceably assemble. If this did not refer to the rights of individuals, you could say that Congress is an assembly of the people through their elected representatives, and that therefore individuals do not possess a right to assemble. In the Fourth Amendment, the phrase is used to protect against unlawful search and seizure. If it did not refer to rights of individuals, the amendment is meaningless as a form of protection. The use in the Ninth Amendment serves to protect the rights that have not been specifically included in the Constitution, again almost meaningless if it did not afford protection to the individual. The Tenth Amendment limits the powers of the federal government, and perhaps more importantly makes a specific distinction between the state level and the people, in case one is wondering if the Second Amendment refers to the rights of people belonging to some state level organisation.
In light of this use of the phrase 'right of the people', I think it might be inaccurate to claim that the phrase did not apply to individuals, or that the very same phrase in the Second Amendment is somehow an exception to the rule.
Secondly, as GasBandit mentioned earlier, the Militia does refer to 'the whole body of the People'. I do think this point is rather well conveyed from the writings and statements of the Founders, at least as far as I've been able to dig them up (can provide links if you wish), and that the vast majority of them viewed a selective service militia almost as detrimental to liberty as a standing army. The text and the historical context of the Second Amendment does seem to give Billy Bob and all his friends the right to bear arms, so that they may rise as a well-regulated militia unit if and when the need comes to defend the liberties of the people against all foes, whether foreign invaders or an oppressive government.
OC, for example is part of a public service field that requires him to carry a firearm. In a way the police, themselves are a somewhat military organization.(1)
The entire ammendment is intended to safeguard the people of the country. When it is no longer guarding the people of the country, and is, in fact, harming them, the ammendment is no longer serving its purpose and should be repealed.(2)
The argument that banning guns outright won't get rid of the ones already in circulation is a circular argument. "because there are guns, we should allow more guns" is a terrible argument.
The ammendments to the constitution are NOT absolute, or set in stone. I don't see any prohibition going on anymore.(3)
(1) There are military, paramilitary, and civilian organisations. Sometimes these lines can be blurred, such as with the french gendarmerie and the italian carabienieri, or with the border guards of many nations. But, in the main, I believe regular law enforcement agencies seem to be considered as distinct from military organisations.
(2) Setting aside the benefit mentioned by the Founders of an armed citizenry being the best protection against governmental tyranny, it seems to me that the same could be said of a number of rights that circumstances have made inconvenient or even harmful from the viewpoint of common interest. Freedom of speech and of the press can be harmful in cases where wide-scale national unity is desireable and necessary, such as in the case of war where national survival is at stake, and where it is in the interest of the whole to prevent 'enemy misinformation' from getting out amongst the populace and 'undermining the war effort'. The effectiveness of law enforcement and the judiciary is impeded by the myriad protections offered to the accused ("
That it is better 100 guilty Persons should escape than that one innocent Person should suffer, is a Maxim that has been long and generally approved." -Benjamin Franklin). Yet there is little enthusiasm to curb these rights, even temporarily when there may be actual need, and the potential costs of sticking to the law may be great. Is this a matter of inconsistency, or should it just be taken as a starting point that the US Constitution is a fair-weather document, and the Bill of Rights and the protections that it affords be subject to cherry-picking by the political process?
(3) What Sparhawk said. Prohibition was not a part of the Bill of Rights which was added to the US Constitution immediately after it's ratification.