Well, the last few times the Democrats swerved first. This is the first they didn't flinch, I suppose they were hoping the Republicans would but this game of chicken turned into a head on crash.
Which is fine.
If the Democrats bothered to pass a budget, the Republicans wouldn't have had this tool to bludgeon them over. The reality is that the Democrats, via the affordable healthcare act have raised taxes (primarily via the healthcare industry - insurance, pharma, medical, etc) but they wanted to spend that to fund the act. However there are so many other programs they aren't willing to cut that we simply don't have the money for.
So by forcing the issue "No, you can't borrow more money to pay for stuff you can't afford" and choosing the healthcare act as a hot button issue, the Republicans get a threefer:
1. Increased revenue due to new healthcare taxes that will go into effect even if the act isn't paid for
2. Decreased spending due to shutdown
3. Damage healthcare act
Honestly, they have not much to lose. The Democrats haven't passed a budget for years. If anything we've been giving them too much rope every few months and by golly they're actually hanging themselves with it.
If they passed a budget, the republicans couldn't use this tool to bludgeon them.
But they don't want a budget - they want unlimited cash.